Hunderassen-Lexikon
Pug
auch: Puglow aggressive conflict risk, but physical limitations may amplify stress/pain responses
Qualzucht-Klassifikation
Kritisch
SchädelBrachycephalic
Schadenspotenzial3.0 / 5
Übersicht
25–33cmSchulterhöhe
6.3–8.1kgGewicht
7–13J.Lebenserwartung
VIT-13
Toy / Begleit-Hund
Klein- bis Toy-Begleithunde. Selektion primär auf Nähe und Optik. Häufige Mini-Hund-Risiken: Patellaluxation, Trachealkollaps, Zahn-/Augenprobleme. Bei brachycephalen Toy-Rassen (z.B. Mops, Frenchie) zusätzlich BOAS-Komplex.
Konsequenz: Begleithund (VIT-13) mit brachycephaler Anatomie (SK-02). Tiefe Halter-Verantwortung gegen statistisch reduzierte LE.
RassetypCompanion dog
UrsprungChina
ZeitraumAntiquity 500bc 500ad
Urspr. ZweckAccompaniment
FelltypShort smooth
FellShort, smooth, soft and shiny; neither harsh nor woolly. The short coat appears easy to care for, but skin folds and eyes require regular checking.
Farbensilver, apricot, fawn, black
FCI-StandardNr. 253 · Section 11 - Small Molossoid Dogs
FCI-GruppeGroup 9: companion and toy dogs
Risikoprofil
Charakter & Verhalten
Charakterprofil
Konflikt-Profil
Trieb & Schadens-Risiko
Temperament
people-oriented, social, health-vulnerable
Sozialverhalten
People with health awareness and a veterinary budget
Eignung & Alltag
Eignungsprofil
Mehrhund
Bedingt
Stadt
Bedingt
Freilauf
Bedingt
Lern- & Auslastungs-Profil
Passt zu
People with health awareness and a veterinary budget
Passt nicht zu
People who prioritize aesthetics over function
Erziehung & Management
high: heat/weight/health
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Gesundheit
Hochrisiko-Profil
short muzzle, skin folds, large eyes, compact body
SK-02
Brachycephal — stark
stark verkürzt
Konformations-Risiko
Hoch
Kurzer, breiter Schädel mit deutlich verkürztem Fang, aber etwas mehr Nasenlänge als beim Extremtyp. Atemwege, Gebiss und Augen müssen fachlich mitgedacht werden.
Gesundheits-Hauptthemen
BOAS, heat, eyes, skin folds, obesity, anesthesia
Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections
Pugs show significantly elevated likelihood of BOAS, stenotic nares, corneal ulcers and skin fold inflammation.
DOI: 10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6 →Verantwortung & Ethik
People who prioritize aesthetics over function
Fell & Körperbau
Short, smooth, soft and shiny; neither harsh nor woolly. The short coat appears easy to care for, but skin folds and eyes require regular checking.
Geschichte
Verbreitungsgeschichte
Zum Zoomen pinchen, ziehen oder doppelklicken
Rasse-Timeline
~200 BC
📋 Breeding
Han Dynasty China
Short-nosed companion dogs at the Chinese imperial court — the oldest archaeological evidence of Pug-like dogs.
~1500
📋 Recognition
Dutch imports
Dutch traders bring the Pug from China to Europe, primarily to royal courts.
1572
📋 Recognition
Pompey and William of Orange
A Pug saves William I of Orange — the Pug becomes a symbol of the House of Orange.
1860s
📋 Fashion
Queen Victoria
Fashion wave in Great Britain: Queen Victoria promotes Pug breeding. Standard form becomes established.
1991
📋 Science
Start of BOAS discourse
First systematic studies on Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome bring the Pug into the focus of animal welfare discussion.
2022
📋 Science
VetCompass O'Neill study
Royal Veterinary College: 4,308 Pugs vs. 21,835 non-Pugs. Drastically elevated risk for BOAS, eyes, skin folds.
Ursprung & Funktion
The Pug was not bred for hunting, herding, or guarding, but as a companion dog. Its roots lie in ancient short-nosed Chinese dogs of the Han Dynasty; from the 16th century onwards, Dutch traders spread it throughout Europe, and from 1689, William III introduced it to England. Bred only in fawn until 1877, the black variant was then added (FCI 253). The Pug was recognized by the UKC in 1918. Its function is clearly human-oriented, with no working demands.
Studien & Quellen
Wissenschaftliche Studien
Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections
Pugs show significantly elevated likelihood of BOAS, stenotic nares, corneal ulcers and skin fold inflammation.
DOI: 10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6 →Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs
Anatomical features (CFR, NWR, NL) correlate strongly with BOAS severity in Pugs.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181928 →Rassestandards
- FCI Standard Nr. 253 FCI-Standard ansehen →
- American Kennel Club AKC Breed Standard →
- The Kennel Club (UK) KC Standard →
- VDH Deutschland VDH Rassebeschreibung →
Weitere Recherche
- PubMed-Suche PubMed →