Dental Care for Dogs: Importance for Grooming and Daily Life

What does dental care for dogs involve?

Dental care for dogs involves regular mechanical and veterinary care of the entire oral cavity—teeth, gums, tongue, and palate. The goal is to reduce the formation of bacterial plaque, prevent tartar buildup, and detect gum inflammation (gingivitis) or advanced periodontitis at an early stage.

In everyday life, dental care for dogs involves three steps: daily mechanical brushing with a dog-safe brush and enzyme-containing toothpaste, regular visual checks of the mouth by the owner, and veterinary checkups and cleanings, which are usually performed under general anesthesia. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), periodontal disease is one of the most common health problems in adult dogs—over 80 percent of all dogs aged three years and older show signs of dental disease. Consistent dental care for dogs is therefore not a cosmetic extra, but part of basic medical care.

Background + Scientific Context

Plaque consists of a bacterial biofilm that forms on the tooth surface within 24 to 48 hours. If it is not mechanically removed, it mineralizes into tartar and drives inflammation into deeper structures. Watanabe et al. (2014) demonstrated in a controlled study of Beagles that daily toothbrushing reduces plaque accumulation significantly more than brushing at weekly intervals—frequency is the key factor.

A systematic review by Niemiec (2008) makes it clear that untreated periodontitis is not confined to the local area: bacteria enter the bloodstream through inflamed gum pockets and can affect the heart, kidneys, and liver. The AVMA position paper on Veterinary Dental Care also emphasizes that professional dental cleanings under anesthesia are part of standard care—teeth cleaned while the animal is awake (“anesthesia-free dental”) are considered inadequate because subgingival plaque cannot be reached.

Vitomalia-Position

We view dental care for dogs as a health routine that should be established early on—ideally starting as early as puppyhood through positive conditioning. Daily brushing is the gold standard; two to three times a week is the minimum required to see visible results. We recommend using only dog-specific toothpaste that is free of fluoride and xylitol, as both can be toxic to dogs.

What we oppose: teeth cleaning without anesthesia, relying solely on chew toys as a dental care solution, and the expectation that dry food will mechanically clean teeth. Neither of these can replace brushing or a veterinary examination.

When does dental care become important for dogs?

Dental care for dogs is particularly important during three life stages: during puppyhood to help them get used to and become accustomed to having their mouths touched; during adulthood to control plaque; and in senior dogs, who are more prone to dental disease and for whom the risks of anesthesia must be carefully weighed. Small breeds, brachycephalic breeds, and certain lines (Yorkshire Terriers, Dachshunds, Poodles) are also anatomically predisposed to tartar buildup and require more frequent checkups.

Practical application

Approach during puppyhood: First, create a positive association with touching the lips and gums (see Medical Training). Only then should you introduce the brush.
Choose the right tools: a soft dog toothbrush or finger brush, and an enzyme-based toothpaste made specifically for dogs. Human toothpaste is off-limits.
Brushing technique: Brushing the outer surfaces is usually sufficient. Use circular motions along the gum line—that’s where plaque forms first.
Frequency: Ideally every day, at least three times a week.
Chew toys as a supplement: VOHC-certified chew products (Veterinary Oral Health Council) can be helpful, but they are not a substitute for brushing.
Veterinary checkup: Have the oral cavity examined at least once a year; professional cleaning based on individual findings.

Common Mistakes & Myths

"Dry food cleans teeth." Logan (2006) and subsequent studies show that standard dry food is broken down too quickly, so the mechanical cleaning effect is minimal. Special dental diets with a specific kibble structure may have some effect, but they are no substitute for brushing.
"Bones are nature's toothbrush." While raw bones do provide mechanical abrasion, they carry a risk of fractures (enamel fractures, jaw fractures) and injury. Veterinary dental associations advise against feeding hard bones.
"My dog isn't in pain, so his teeth must be fine." Dogs often don't show signs of tooth pain until it's too late. Visible tartar and bad breath are late warning signs.
"Regular teeth cleaning is enough." Subgingival plaque remains untouched—and that is precisely the area that drives periodontitis.
"Puppies don't need dental care yet." Actually, they do—not because of their baby teeth, but to get them used to the routine.

State of the art in 2026

The evidence supporting the effectiveness of daily brushing is robust (Watanabe 2014, Harvey 2015). The data on oral care products is mixed: VOHC-certified products show measurable effects, while other products make claims without evidence. Studies on the effects of water additives, probiotics, and enzymatic gels are increasing, but the evidence is still limited. There is consensus that professional cleanings under anesthesia are the standard of care and that subgingival home cleanings are ineffective.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should I brush my dog's teeth?

Ideally every day, but at least three times a week. Brushing daily reduces plaque much more effectively than brushing less frequently.

When should I start taking care of my dog's teeth?

During the puppy stage, as soon as the puppy can get used to having its mouth touched. This way, grooming will become a routine later on.

Are dental treats a good idea?

VOHC-certified dental snacks can supplement, but not replace, mechanical brushing. Pay attention to calories and ingredients.

What does anesthesia involve during a dental cleaning?

A professional cleaning also removes plaque from beneath the gums. This isn't possible at home. The risks of anesthesia are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

My dog won't let me touch his mouth—what should I do?

Gradual introduction through cooperative care. First, associate the initial touch with a positive experience, then the brush, then the toothpaste. Never overwhelm the child.

Related terms

Sources & Further Reading

Watanabe, K., Hayashi, K., Kijima, S., Nonaka, C., & Yamazoe, K. (2014). Tooth Brushing Inhibits Oral Bacteria in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 77(10), 1323-1325.
Niemiec, B. A. (2008). Periodontal disease. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 23(2), 72-80.
Logan, E. I. (2006). Dietary influences on periodontal health in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 36(6), 1385-1401.
Harvey, C. E. (2015). Management of Periodontal Disease: Understanding the Options. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 35(4), 819-836.
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Veterinary Dentistry – Position Statement and Guidelines.