Dewclaws in Dogs: What They Are and When They Cause Problems
Dewclaws in Dogs: What They Are and When They Cause Problems
What is a dewclaw in dogs?
The dewclaw (also known as the wolf claw or Digitus I) is the first toe on the inner side of the paw—anatomically equivalent to the human thumb. In a normal standing position, it does not touch the ground and does not contribute to locomotion. Almost all dogs have dewclaws on their front paws; on the hind paws, their presence varies by breed or individual.
Afterclaws differ in their anatomical structure: Fully developed afterclaws are anchored by bone and tendons and are partially functional. Rudimentary afterclaws are attached only by skin, without any bony connection—they are less stable and more prone to injury.
Background + Scientific Context
Evans and de Lahunta (2013, Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog, 4th ed.) describe the anatomy of the dewclaw: Digitus I is almost universally present on the front paws—bony, with phalanges I and II and a claw. In the hind feet of many breeds, the bony attachment is either completely absent or reduced. Physiological function of the front dewclaw: stabilizing function during weight-bearing and grasping movements (bone support when holding objects, agile movement patterns in the field).
Fossum (2018, *Small Animal Surgery*) describes the indications and technique for dewclaw removal: Medically indicated removal is performed in cases of: recurrent tearing with infection, ingrown dewclaw (growing spirally into the pad due to lack of wear), chronic inflammation, and tumors. Prophylactic removal (without medical indication) is prohibited in Germany.
Section 6 of the Animal Welfare Act (TierSchG) prohibits painful procedures on vertebrates unless medically necessary: Prophylactic dewclaw removal in dogs is prohibited in Germany under Section 6 of the TierSchG—even for breeds for which it is common practice in other countries. Exceptions: removal performed by a veterinarian for medical reasons. Administrative offenses: fines of up to €25,000.
Vitomalia-Position
Dewclaws require regular care—this is the most commonly neglected aspect of nail care. They grow continuously but do not wear down from contact with the ground. Ingrown dewclaws can cause pain and infections. Trimming is a preventive measure.
When does the afterclaw come into play?
- Regular nail care: Trim the dewclaws every 3–6 weeks
- Tearing during sports or when outdoors (especially rudimentary dewclaws on the hind legs)
- Ingrown dewclaw: growing spirally into the pad
- Breeds with Double-Toed Hooves: Breeding Considerations and Breed Standards
- Policy: Removal only when medically indicated (for medical reasons)
Practical application
Breeds with double dewclaws (breed standard):
| Breed | Rear dewclaws | Breed Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pyrenean Mountain Dog | Double (two dewclaws) | Required |
| Beauceron | Double | Required |
| Briard | Double | Required |
| Icelandic Sheepdog | Double | Available |
| Lundehund (Puffin Dog) | Up to 6 toes | Breed characteristics |
After-claw care: - Trim like other claws: claw clippers, cut perpendicular to the claw axis - Frequency: every 3–6 weeks (no contact with the ground → no natural wear and tear) - Especially important for rudimentary dewclaws attached only by skin → prone to tearing - Ingrown dewclaw: See a veterinarian immediately, as it can cause pain and increase the risk of infection
First aid for a torn anal gland: - Stop bleeding: Pressure bandage or styptic powder - Open wound: Keep clean, prevent licking (e-collar) - Veterinarian: A complete tear down to the base may require surgical removal under anesthesia
Common Mistakes & Myths
- "You should have a puppy's dewclaws removed right away." In Germany, prophylactic removal is prohibited (Animal Welfare Act §6). Proper care prevents almost all problems. Removal should only be performed when medically indicated.
- “Afterclaws on the hind paws don’t need any care—they fall off on their own anyway.” No—afterclaws don’t fall off on their own. Rudimentary afterclaws on the hind paws are more fragile and tear more easily, but trimming is still necessary.
- “Dewclaws serve no purpose.” In many dogs, front dewclaws play a stabilizing role during weight-bearing and agile movements. Studies show that the muscles and tendons of the front dewclaw are active during such activities.
Current State of Research (2026)
The functional significance of the dewclaw is increasingly being discussed in veterinary medicine. Studies on working dogs show that front dewclaws have a measurable stabilizing function during agility activities (agility, field work). Prophylactic removal for aesthetic reasons is increasingly restricted or prohibited throughout Europe. German law (Animal Welfare Act §6) is considered one of the strictest in Europe.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need to trim my dog's dewclaws regularly?
Yes — Hind claws do not wear down from contact with the ground and grow continuously. If left uncut, they can grow inward or tear. Trim them every 3–6 weeks, just like other claws.
Can I have my dog's dewclaw removed?
In Germany, this is permitted only when medically indicated by a veterinarian. Preventive removal without a valid reason is prohibited under Section 6 of the Animal Welfare Act. Violations constitute administrative offenses subject to heavy fines.
Which breeds have dewclaws?
According to the breed standard, the Pyrenean Mountain Dog, Beauceron, and Briard have double dewclaws on their hind legs—a mandatory breed characteristic. Other breeds (Icelandic Sheepdog, Lundehund) have extra toes as a breed characteristic.
Related terms
Sources & Further Reading
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Evans, H. E., & de Lahunta, A. (2013). Miller's Anatomy of the Dog (4th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 9781437702460.
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Fossum, T. W. (Ed.) (2018). Small Animal Surgery (5th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 9780323442558.
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Animal Welfare Act (TierSchG). Section 6: Prohibited Acts. Federal Ministry of Justice. As amended on May 22, 2023.